Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Cair Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa Linn.) sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Ikan Cupang (Betta Sp.) yang Diinfeksi Bakteri Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi

Abstract

Terminalia catappa Linn. known as Indian Almond tree (Ketapang) is a plant that potential as an antibacterial substance and widely used in aquaculture, in particular, the cultivation of ornamental fish. Ornamental fish that was used in this research was Siamese fighting fish (Betta sp.). One of the threats in Siamese fighting fish is a disease infection by bacteria such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. The T. catappa leaf is useful to prevent bacterial infection in Siamese fighting fish culture, because it has efficacy as an antibacterial. The purpose of this research was to know the effectiveness extract of ketapang leaf at concentrations of 500 ppm on the survival (0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours) of Siamese fighting fish and profile blood (96 hours) after the test challenge by S. Typhi. The 500 ppm of liquid extract of T. catappa leaf was added to treatment group and compare with control. Randomize Designs Groups with three replications per groups was used in this research. First group as controls were divided into 3 controls sub-groupvis. The Siamese fighting fish without injecting (K-), Siamese fighting fish injected physiological saline (placebo) (KP), Siamese fighting fish injected bacteria (K+) and second group as treatments was also divided into 3 treatments sub-groupnamely groups, Siamese fighting fish with 500 ppm extract of ketapang leaf (PI), Siamese fighting fish with 500 ppm extract of ketapang leaf and physiological saline injected (placebo) (PII) and Siamese fighting fish with 500 ppm extract of ketapang leaf and injected bacteria S. Typhi (PIII). The results showed that the addition of 500 ppm extract of ketapang leaf, at the 0 and 96 hours for the control group and treatment group, there were no significance difference (p>0,05), however the survival rate was significantly difference (p<0,05) in K+ (64%) as compared with the level of passing Siamese fighting fish lives on K- (95%), followed by PI (94%), the PII (91%), PIII (91%) and KP (87%). It can be concluded that the effectiveness extract of ketapang leaf at a concentration of 500 ppm was useful to increase the survival rate of Siamese fighting fish post-injection but did not significantly affect blood profile of Siamese fighting fish.