Simulation of Storm Surge Generated by Tropical Cyclone Senyar in the Strait of Malacca Using the ADCIRC Model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/561wve82Keywords:
Strom surge, ADCIRC, Tropical Cyclone Senyar, Strait of MalaccaAbstract
Tropical Cyclone (TC) Senyar, which formed over the Strait of Malacca in late November 2025, represents a relatively rare meteorological phenomenon in the near-equatorial region. Its strong wind field and low central pressure had the potential to generate a rise in sea level (storm surge) along the northern coast of Sumatra. This study aims to quantify the storm surge contribution associated with TC Senyar using the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) hydrodynamic model over a domain spanning 95–105°E and 0–8°N. Simulations were conducted from 22 November to 2 December 2025, incorporating a two-day ramp-up period to gradually increase the meteorological forcing. Two scenarios were simulated: the total sea level, influenced by tides, wind, and atmospheric pressure; and the tidal sea level, influenced solely by tidal boundary conditions. The unstructured computational mesh was generated using OceanMesh2D at a resolution of 2.5–50km, based on GEBCO 2025 bathymetry and GSHHS coastline data. Meteorological forcing (wind and atmospheric pressure) was obtained from ERA5, while tidal boundary conditions were derived from TPXO10. Storm surge was computed using the residual method, in which the tidal sea level was subtracted from the total sea level, and was analyzed at four stations: Lhokseumawe, Idi Rayeuk, Belawan, and Kuala Tanjung. The results show maximum residual storm surge values of 0.06 m, 0.12 m, 0.18 m, and 0.17m, respectively, with peaks occurring between 25 and 27 November 2025. The largest storm surge amplification, exceeding 0.25m, occurred along the coast of the Malay Peninsula and the southern part of the Strait of Malacca.
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