MINI REVIEW: PENGARUH VARIASI GULA DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI DALAM OPTIMALISASI PROSES FERMENTASI KOMBUCHA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/5yez5565Keywords:
antioksidan, fermentasi, gula, kombucha, waktuAbstract
Fermentasi kombucha melibatkan aktivitas kultur simbiotik bakteri dan ragi (SCOBY) yang dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi gula dan waktu fermentasi sebagai parameter utama penentu kualitas minuman. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh variasi konsentrasi gula dan lama fermentasi terhadap aktivitas antioksidan kombucha berdasarkan studi literatur. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menelaah artikel penelitian dan review ilmiah yang dipublikasikan dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir melalui basis data PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan membandingkan hasil-hasil penelitian terkait konsentrasi gula, waktu fermentasi, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan kombucha meningkat pada fase awal hingga pertengahan fermentasi dan mencapai nilai optimal pada hari ke-6 hingga ke-10, kemudian menurun pada fermentasi yang lebih lama. Konsentrasi gula optimal berada pada kisaran 7–10% (b/v) atau setara dengan 50–70 g/L, yang mendukung pertumbuhan mikroba dan pembentukan senyawa bioaktif secara maksimal. Konsentrasi gula yang terlalu rendah menghambat fermentasi, sedangkan konsentrasi yang terlalu tinggi dapat menyebabkan stres osmotik pada mikroba. Kesimpulannya, pengendalian konsentrasi gula dan waktu fermentasi yang tepat merupakan faktor kunci dalam optimalisasi produksi kombucha sebagai minuman fungsional dengan aktivitas antioksidan tinggi.
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