Analisis Dampak Sosial Ekonomi Akibat Degradasi Lahan dalam Perspektif Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Menuju SDGS 2030 (Kajian Studi Literatur)

Abstract

The land degradation crisis in Indonesia, which has reached 24.3 to 48.3 million hectares, demands transformative solutions to address the imbalance between economic growth and environmental sustainability. This study aims to analyze the socio-economic impacts and environmental damage caused by land degradation from a sustainable development perspective towards achieving the 2030 SDGs targets. The method used is a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach, synthesizing secondary data from reputable scientific literature for the period 2015-2026. The results show that land degradation triggers significant economic losses, such as the loss of ecosystem services worth Rp1.07 trillion per year due to mining activities, and creates a "vicious cycle" of poverty in farming communities. Ecologically, exploitative land use practices result in high erosion rates and permanent loss of soil biodiversity. The study's conclusion emphasizes that effective mitigation requires the integration of modern technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with community empowerment based on ethical values and local wisdom. The transition to a green economy through integrated national policies is an absolute prerequisite for realizing the 2030 SDGs targets and sustainable human well-being.