PERAN NUTRISI DALAM MODULASI GEN INFLAMASI PADA KERUSAKAN MUKOSA LAMBUNG AKIBAT NSAID: SEBUAH PENDEKATAN NUTRIGENOMIK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/qtab7a55Keywords:
Ekspresi gen, mukosa lambung, NSAID, nutrigenomik, nutrisiAbstract
Obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid (NSAID) merupakan terapi yang umum digunakan, khususnya pada kelompok lansia, namun penggunaannya dapat menyebabkan gangguan mukosa lambung yang dipicu oleh penghambatan enzim COX-1 dan peningkatan stres oksidatif. Artikel yang dianalisis merupakan penelitian primer dari tahun 2014 hingga 2024 dengan desain in vivo, in vitro, atau observasional yang relevan dengan topik yang dikaji berdasarkan hasil utama, ekspresi gen terkait, dan mekanisme molekuler. Hasil sintesis dari sembilan studi utama menunjukkan bahwa senyawa seperti omega-3 (EPA dan DHA), astaxanthin, polifenol, dan komponen aktif dari walnut dan Gardenia jasminoides mampu memberikan perlindungan mukosa melalui aktivasi jalur molekuler Nrf2/HO-1 dan AMPK/SIRT1, serta menekan jalur inflamasi NF-κB dan COX-2. Namun, konsumsi lemak jenuh tinggi dapat memperparah kondisi mukosa dengan meningkatkan IL-17A dan menurunkan gen pelindung seperti TLR4, Ocln, dan Nr1h4. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa pola makan dan komponen nutrisi tertentu mampu memengaruhi ekspresi gen dan jalur molekuler yang berperan dalam menjaga kesehatan mukosa lambung. Temuan ini mendukung potensi pendekatan nutrigenomik sebagai strategi preventif dan pendukung terapi yang lebih aman untuk mengurangi risiko gangguan saluran cerna akibat penggunaan NSAID dalam jangka panjang.
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